8. How to print output in Ruby?

In Ruby, printing output to the console is a fundamental operation, and you can achieve this using various methods. The most commonly used methods for printing output in Ruby are `puts`, `print`, and `p`. Here’s how each of them works:

1. `puts`: The `puts` method is used to print a string to the console with a newline character at the end. It is suitable for displaying messages, variable values, or any content you want to separate clearly in the console. Here’s an example:

   ```ruby

   puts "Hello, Ruby!"  # Outputs "Hello, Ruby!" with a newline

   ```

2. `print`: The `print` method is similar to `puts`, but it does not automatically add a newline character. It prints the content as-is, allowing you to concatenate multiple items on the same line. Here’s an example:

 ```ruby

   print "Hello, "

   print "Ruby!"  # Outputs "Hello, Ruby!"

   ```

3. `p`: The `p` method is used for debugging and inspecting objects. It not only prints the object to the console but also includes its class and a newline character. This makes it helpful for examining the structure of objects during development:

  ```ruby

   name = "Alice"

   p name  # Outputs "Alice" along with its class, e.g., String

   ```

In addition to these methods, you can also use string interpolation within `puts` or `print` to combine text and variable values:

```ruby

age = 30

puts "My age is #{age} years."  # Outputs "My age is 30 years."

```

Remember that the choice between `puts`, `print`, and `p` depends on your specific needs. Use `puts` for general output with newline formatting, `print` for content that should appear on the same line, and `p` for debugging and inspecting objects. These methods are essential tools for communicating information to users or debugging your Ruby programs.